Concealed Realities The Issues of Domestic Violence - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2752 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Domestic Violence Essay Did you like this example? A destructive issue that remains prevalent in society is the re-occurrence of abuse, otherwise known as domestic violence. Often concealed and undetectable, domestic violence has a lingering effect on large groups of people of varying demographics. There is an unwarranted misconception that domestic violence can only occur in the physical form to women. Contrary to popular belief, this is an inaccurate notion. Domestic violence is not an act that is gender exclusive, but it occurs in both the lives of men, women and children. This paper will discuss the causes, signs and effects of domestic violence. Knowing the signs, causes, and effects of domestic violence will help society break the cycle to it. Society have always blamed the victim instead of the abuser. Before anyone receives the blame, we need to know every detail on why it exists. Knowing what causes the problem, learning the signs and finding solutions is the effective way of ending domestic violence. Domestic violence occurs in many forms such as physical, sexual, financial, emotional, verbal, stalking and mental. Many people become very abusive to their partners, family members, and friends because they either was abused or saw a love one being abuse. This is called learned behavior. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Concealed Realities The Issues of Domestic Violence" essay for you Create order Imagine meeting someone and falling deeply in love with. They are everything that a person could ever wanted. Their intelligence, personality, confidence, sense of humor are some of the reasons why a person would fall in love. From one perspective, they were the perfect catch and a dream that came true. Suddenly elements changed because abuse has begun. The person that one has fell in love with is no longer the same and began to mentally destroy their partner by verbal assaulting them. Insulting their worth by belittling them- referring to them as worthless, stupid, ugly, dumb, idiot, irresponsible, etc. After a while, the partner who is receiving the verbal abuse will began to believe the ideas that are being said, and self-esteem is no longer there. Next becomes physical, it may start off with a shove then follow up with a punch and last a full beat down. The physical abuse can get so bad where the person may need medical attention or even a body bag. This type of behavior will affect anyone living in or outside the household. These tactics that are being done is called power and control. Power and control can consist of threats, intimidation, public humiliation, fault-finding, and victim blaming. Trying to cope with abuse is draining mentally, physically, and emotionally and can cause anyone to go into severe deep depression. Speaking up and seeking help is the only way for the victim to obtain help. I know this because I am a survivor. When a person hears the words domestic violence everyone automatic thinks a man is beating a woman. However, this is not always the case. Men and children are victims just as much as women. Domestic violence is the act of someone who cannot control their anger and uses violence to express themselves. Some experts say that A person who has anger will allow it to take over the emotionally; as that happens the individuals entire way of perceiving and reacting to the universe is altered to justify their anger and hostility; these perceptual and behavioral reactions reflect real and long-lasting changes in the neural networks within the brain of this person. (Potter-Efron). The control tactics that are being used, is to terrorize their victim. In the book Getting Free You Can End Abuse and Take Back Your Life, Most abused women say emotional abuse or tactics of power and control are more difficult to deal with than physical (NiCarthy). Being control makes it hard for the victim to leave. Some victims believe that their abuser will change and can love them correctly. Being abused can destroy the lives of those involved. Ranging from the abuser, victim, children, other family members, and friends. Living this lifestyle is hard especially when one is attempting to cover up the abuse. Masking black eyes with makeup, wearing long sleeves in the summer, pretending everything were good, making an effect so the children are not aware, confining the dark secrets will make anyone depressed. Remembering the first time covering up the first black eye. The night before my abuser and I had a huge altercation. My abuser was jealous and assumed that hugging another male was a sign of disrespect. My abuser believes that if a guy is not a family member or mate, a female should not hug them. While arguing, I explained that his thought process was immature, and I did not have time to be arguing with a closed-minded person. Within moments, he punched me so far that I flew onto the floor. I proceeded to defend myself, and even though I fought back, it did not faze hi m. After a while, I just laid there until he stopped and left the house. I was in complete shocked with all these thoughts going through my mind. The person that I was in love with, the one that asked me to marry him, and the man I gave children to just assaulted me. Once I reached the bathroom, I saw my face. I saw how my face was once beautiful is now damaged. I called my baby sister and asked her to watch my daughter for a week. When she came to my house and saw my face, the expression on her face showed all her emotions. I begged her not to tell anyone. In her first breath she asked, what happen? Not in the right state of mind, I automatically said it was my fault and not his. I told her to keep the girls for the week until my face heals because I did not want them to my face like this. Two days went past and the swelling in my face went down a lot. I had to return to work. This was something that I did not want to do. I knew when I came into work there was going to be a lot of questions. I applied make up on, so it can cover the black eye. I attempted to make my face as normal as possible, but people could tell that something was wrong. One of the co-workers pulled to the side during lunch and told me that if I ever needed her to call. She explained that she has been in a abusive relationship before. She stated that she knew the signs and I can come to her. The whole time we were talking, other co-workers voiced their opinions. Another co-worker stated You are stupid for allowing any man to put his hands on you. And why would I allowed him to do that? There are signs to let anyone know if they are abuser? While the other one stated You are stupid for staying with him. Only a weak-minded person will let this happen to them. I will never let anyone put their hands on me. These women did not understand that certain words can affect a victim. When a victim is battered, all types of things are going on in their mind. They are trying to figure out where did things go wrong, what could they do to make things better, trying to find their confidence, peace, and happiness; and what could they do to prevent the next assault. Saying the wrong thing can cause the victim to go into a psychotic break. They already are afraid of their abuser and for someone to call them out their name will make their insecurities intensify, this is called a psychological abuse. One trait of psychological abuse is isolation. Battered victims appeared to be more isolated when living with the batterer, as compared to the non-batterer. (Walker) As time went by the abuse was non-stopped. For two whole years, the mental verbal, public humiliation, and physical was affecting the children and me. It was to the point where the children mimicked the actions that they saw and heard. The last straw was when he tried to assassinate me in front of the children at the doctors office. He was choking me while I was holding one of our daughters. The police remove the children from the situation. My co-worker was right there when everything had occurred. She was the one who called the police and inform them that this was happening. She explained to them that she was a relative, so she can take the children rather than them being placed into child protective services. The next day, child protective services agent and a domestic violence counselor came to my house. They both stated that the children could not stay in this type of environment. They can remove the children if a restraining order was not set into place. That single statement right there was the turning point. This account happened in 2002 when a restraining order has been placed on him and still in effect. Not many victims are fortunate enough to leave their abuser. Some stay because of fear to start over, they think their abuser going to change, they do not want to separate the family, religious and language barriers. From the book Everything You Need to Know About Breaking the Cycle of Domestic Violence People who abuse others are afraid to lose control. While leaving the abuser is often the best solutions, yet, a victim needs to be aware that their abuser can abuse them again. (Kinstlinger-Bruhn). The statistic of knowing how many people went through this is scary. One in three women and one in four men have been victims of some sort of physical violence by their intimate partner during their lifetimes. One in four women and one in seven men have been victims of severe physical violence by intimate partner in their lifetime. One in seven women and one in eighteen men have been stalked by intimate partner during their lifetime to the point in which they felt very fearful or believed that they or someone close to them would be harmed or killed, according Center of Disease and Control. (www.cdc.gov). A person will never know who is in an abusive relationship unless one knows the signs. Some of the signs are being apologetic, not themselves at all, denying anything that anyone suspect that is not right, covering up physical abuse, and the fear in their eyes when they see their mate. The main signs are distancing themselves from everyone while being in their relationship, always checking in with their partner, not coming to social events like they use to and making sure that their partner is pleased. If a person does not see any of the signs from the victim observe their partner. Watch to see if their mate is being controlling, trying to isolate their mate, never apologizing when they are wrong, and trying to change their mate completely. When a person does dramatics changed, especially when it comes to isolating themselves from everyone, nine out of ten they are in a bad relationship. There was a day when things needed to be explained. The family was informed of the suffering and constant beatings that was endured. Even though a restraining order was put in place that did not stopped him from trying to scared me. He threw a break into the house the same day the restraining order was established. So, the next morning, the van was packed with everyone possessions. Money were limited but determination for a better life was the goal. All the achieved accomplishments, goals that were set and children being raised are now on hold because the move was on. Once settled into the apartment I notice the children behavior changed dramatically. Witnessing the abuse that was endure, the children developed psychological trauma. The children needed counseling. Counseling is the number one key for anyone who is willing to obtain help. Getting counseling does not mean that you are crazy, sick, or neurotic. Counseling is a very effective outlet to help people acknowledge the cause to their issue. Counseling can be individual, couples, children and family. Some questions may be asks like Were there something in the past that made a person have built up anger? Why is the person behaving this way? Batterers choose to express their anger out on their mate is because they were raised in that environment. Either they were abused or saw a family member being abused, this situation taught them this is how a person resolve their issue with anyone. When there is abuse, everyone who is involved should go to individual first before attempting couple and fami ly. Some people believe that counseling is not a good idea. The victim who are being beaten, intimidated, or controlled by their partner are not free to engage in the kind of open dialogue that counseling promotes. If the victim speaks openly to a therapist or counselor in the presence of the batterer it may cause them to be in danger when they return home (Yount). There is a saying and it goes A person can only do what you allowed them to do This statement is true. So, when a victim allows their partner to repeatedly hit them then they deserved it. There is no way that a person would stay in a relationship that is harmful to them unless they like it. Even some expects says that it is not the abuser fault for their actions because victims know how to provoke them. Victims know exactly what causes the batterer to react. They do this because the victims like to be hit. Some believes that if their partner does not hit them that they are not love or wanted. Some victims provoke their abuser for attention. People play the victim role when they are the one who initiate the fight. Then they will call the police and make false accusations. Therefore, society does not have any concern about domestic violence. False accusations can cause a lot of damage to people lives affecting not only the victims and abusers but, also the families and friends. The victim creditability will no longer exist because of the lies they told. The so-called abuser will have to defend their character. The victim will no longer be looked upon with sympathy but with disgust. Individuals who use to associate themselves with the victim will become distance. The so-called victim will start to experience certain traits of an abuse victim excluding the physical aspect. Down the line if they were to ever come across an abusive relationship, people would be more hesitant to believe them. Now for the individual falsely accused, they will have to build their life together again piece by piece. Their reputation has been tarnished and were considered a disgrace in the public eye, including some family members. For those family members that stood by the individuals side, this comes as a relieve. Though the individual were fal sely accused, they may not receive their job back because certain consequence may not be reversable. The title that is attached to them has cause struggles with daily task. Receiving stares and talked down upon would still go on after being proven innocent of the heinous act. By those viewing the situation from the outside, the individuals is seen by those who surround him as guilty. In conclusion, society should understand the difference between real victims and those who portrayed as a victim. Blaming all victims for being abuse is wrong because there are some victims who wants to leave. There are too afraid to go because they are financially unstable or do not want to separate the family. Therefore, understanding and providing views on learned behavior, cause, effects and signs of victims and abuser can make society understand what is real and not. This is supported by personal experiences, facts, and evidenced. Well explained and articulated for all to get a good understanding of the topic. Works Cited Kinstlinger-Bruhn, Charlotte. Everything You Need to Know About Breaking The Cycle of Domestic Violence. The Rosen Publishing Group, INC, 1997. 44. NiCarthy, Ginny. Getting Free You Can End Abuse And Take Back Your Life. Seal Press, 2004. XXV. Potter-Efron, Ronald. Handbook of Anger Management and Domestic Violence Offender Treatment. 2015. n.d. 3. Walker, Lenore E.A. The Battered Woman Syndrome. Springer Publishing Company, 2000. 33. www.cdc.gov. n.d. www.cdc.gov/violence/pdf/nisvs_report2010-apdf. October 2018. Yount, Lisa. How Can Domestic Violence Be Prevented. Thomas Gale, 2006. 94.

Teaching Methods And Techniques And Materials For The...

As Celce-Murcia (2001:67) claims, â€Å"Until quite recently, listening comprehension had been neglected with regard to both its place in second or foreign language teaching methodology and the development of techniques and materials for use in the classroom†. In Japan as well, as Blyth (2011:71) indicates, there has seemed to be no strategic pedagogy for listening, especially from a perspective of communicative language teaching. English teachers in Japan tend to keep giving common advice like ‘just listen to aural materials as much as possible and that’ll enhance your listening comprehension further in the future’. Furthermore, in Japan, there is even a nationally famous ‘fraudulent’ English learning material which claims that all you have to do is just hear (note here, not ‘listen’ but just ‘hear’) the material for a certain period of time every day and you will be able to speak English fluently before you know. As can be seen in this phenomenon in Japan around teaching listening, Japan could be described as still being in ‘developing’ situation in English language teaching. I myself have also been less confident in my aural and oral English proficiency compared to reading or writing skills. As a matter of fact, I had thought that the benchmark to measure my listening proficiency would be the score of a high-stakes test like IELTS or TOEFL. Of course I did not think that just passing the English language requirement would be enough for me to live in the UK. However, I thought,Show MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Teacher s Methodology1109 Words   |  5 PagesMethodology Methodology is simply the methods in which a teacher will get information and material across to his or her students. Methodology will vary among teachers but a teacher’s methodology will fall under three main categories. 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Human Interaction from a Psychology Perspective Free Essays

Human Interaction from a Psychology Perspective Do we act the same within social interactions as we do when we feel that no one else is looking? Do we conform to society’s standards of what is considered normal behavior? Does our behavior in social interactions depend on a variety of factors ranging from brain chemistry, individual belief’s, cultural influence? We are all influenced by a variety of factors in our social interactions with others. Does the interaction offer us some type of recognition or personal reward? What can we get out of the social gathering that we beneficial to us in the long run? Do we act what is considered normal in our social interactions with others or adopt maladaptive behavioral patterns that lead to chronic disturbances in interpersonal and occupational functioning. according to Kowalski, induces a higher rate of conformity among its members. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Interaction from a Psychology Perspective or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this type of culture lacking autonomy, obedience is taught by parent to child as a means of future survival (Kowalski Western, 2009) andA that the childaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role in society has been predetermined. In communism conformity is not a choice, rather a governmental mandate to remain within the norms of the communistic society in place. Democratic Societies Whereas communism attempts to create a single social norm from many cultures, democracies promote social norms based on many cultures. Within democratic societies exist many cultures based on ethnic, religious, economic, and social affiliations. A childaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s future is not encoded from birth, rather determined by his or her choice of social affiliations. Although many factors contribute to a person conforming to social norms, many antisocial behaviors can develop as well. According to Steinberg; The increased importance of peers leads adolescents to want to alter their behavior in order to (sic) fit in; because they care more about what their friends think of them, they are more likely to go along with the crowd to avoid being rejected (Steinberg Monahan, 2007, para. 5). Peer pressure is more likely to alter behaviors of those under the age of 14 as he or she tries to fit into a present group culture. Social interaction at this point dictates whether the learned behaviors are socially acceptable or not. Between the ages of 14-18 the individuals begin to resist peer pressures as they begin to develop emotional autonomy (Steinberg Monahan, 2007). Intervention. Whether in a communistic or democratic society, it is individual behaviors that are judged by society to be either normal or antisocial. In either society, if a mental †¦ is in dissension of other individuals established beliefs or standards the action is considered to be disrupting or deviant and is rejected. Many times individuals perform deviant acts which are not necessarily harmful to society as a whole but are potentially threatening to their own existence. This brings in the question of what type of assistance the individual requires in order to change their behaviors. Psychoanalytical therapy may be helpful in order to determine the underlying causes for the deviant behavior. Disorders such as obsessive-compulsive behaviors may not affect an individualaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s social interactions; however, these behaviors could potentially have a negative effect on individual abilities to find employment. A Individual interactions within a culture should be performed in an effort to unify personal positions within that society and to strengthen relationships within the community. Societies which enforce responsibility from their leaders are motivated to include a much greater level of development while those which are commanded by power have the tendency to lose. Individuals who try to control others, either in the place of work or on a personal level, frequently exhibit these behaviors due to a lack of self-confidence which has been infused in them due to various reasons. While at times it is necessary to take charge of specific situations, those who are provocative in their approach would benefit from psychological therapy in order †¦ Treatment and Prognosis of PTSD. There are various types of therapy and medications that has proven to be successful in treating PTSD. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is most effective in treating PTSD. Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy, Cognitive Processing therapy, reprocessing and Eye movement desensitization therapy are also other means of therapy that is successful in treating PTSD. Types of drugs known as Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which is typically used for depression has been successful in treating PTSD. The prognosis for PTSD depends on severity and length of how long a person has suffered with the mental illness. A majority of those who seek treatment do respond to psychotherapy but residual symptoms may remain and go into remission for different lengths of time. It is important to seek treatment for PTSD as symptoms may become so debilitating that it will interfere with a person’s ability to lead a full and productive life References or Cited Sources: Web MD. (2009). Types of Mental Illness Retrieved from http://www. webmd. com/mental-health/mental-health-types-illness Retrieved on August 8, 2011. Department of Veteran Affairs. Understanding PTSD Treatment Retrieved from http://www. ptsd. va. gov/public/pages/gen-treatment. asp Retrieved on August 8, 2011. eMedicine Health. (Medical Author: Maria Pease, MD. Medical Editor: Melissa Conrad Stoppler, MD Bradley, R. , J. Greene, et al. â€Å"A Multi Dimensional Meta-analysis of Psychotherapy for PTSD. † AMJ Psychiatry 162. 2 (2005): 214-227. Retrieved from: http://www. emedicinehealth. om/post-traumatic_stress_disorder_ptsd/article_em. htm Retrieved on August 8, 2011. Human Interaction from a Psychology Perspective Do we act the same within social interactions as we do when we feel that no one else is looking? Do we conform to society’s standards of what is considered normal behavior? Does our behavior in social interactions depend on a variety of factors ranging from br ain chemistry, individual belief’s, cultural influence? We are all influenced by a variety of factors in our social interactions with others. Does the interaction offer us some type of recognition or personal reward? What can we get out of the social gathering that we beneficial to us in the long run? Do we act what is considered normal in our social interactions with others or adopt maladaptive behavioral patterns that lead to chronic disturbances in interpersonal and occupational functioning. according to Kowalski, induces a higher rate of conformity among its members. In this type of culture lacking autonomy, obedience is taught by parent to child as a means of future survival (Kowalski Western, 2009) andA that the childaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role in society has been predetermined. In communism conformity is not a choice, rather a governmental mandate to remain within the norms of the communistic society in place. Democratic Societies Whereas communism attempts to create a single social norm from many cultures, democracies promote social norms based on many cultures. Within democratic societies exist many cultures based on ethnic, religious, economic, and social affiliations. A childaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s future is not encoded from birth, rather determined by his or her choice of social affiliations. Although many factors contribute to a person conforming to social norms, many antisocial behaviors can develop as well. According to Steinberg; The increased importance of peers leads adolescents to want to alter their behavior in order to (sic) fit in; because they care more about what their friends think of them, they are more likely to go along with the crowd to avoid being rejected (Steinberg Monahan, 2007, para. 5). Peer pressure is more likely to alter behaviors of those under the age of 14 as he or she tries to fit into a present group culture. Social interaction at this point dictates whether the learned behaviors are socially acceptable or not. Between the ages of 14-18 the individuals begin to resist peer pressures as they begin to develop emotional autonomy (Steinberg Monahan, 2007). Intervention. Whether in a communistic or democratic society, it is individual behaviors that are judged by society to be either normal or antisocial. In either society, if a mental †¦ is in dissension of other individuals established beliefs or standards the action is considered to be disrupting or deviant and is rejected. Many times individuals perform deviant acts which are not necessarily harmful to society as a whole but are potentially threatening to their own existence. This brings in the question of what type of assistance the individual requires in order to change their behaviors. Psychoanalytical therapy may be helpful in order to determine the underlying causes for the deviant behavior. Disorders such as obsessive-compulsive behaviors may not affect an individualaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s social interactions; however, these behaviors could potentially have a negative effect on individual abilities to find employment. A Individual interactions within a culture should be performed in an effort to unify personal positions within that society and to strengthen relationships within the community. Societies which enforce responsibility from their leaders are motivated to include a much greater level of development while those which are commanded by power have the tendency to lose. Individuals who try to control others, either in the place of work or on a personal level, frequently exhibit these behaviors due to a lack of self-confidence which has been infused in them due to various reasons. While at times it is necessary to take charge of specific situations, those who are provocative in their approach would benefit from psychological therapy in order †¦ Treatment and Prognosis of PTSD. There are various types of therapy and medications that has proven to be successful in treating PTSD. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is most effective in treating PTSD. Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy, Cognitive Processing therapy, reprocessing and Eye movement desensitization therapy are also other means of therapy that is successful in treating PTSD. Types of drugs known as Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which is typically used for depression has been successful in treating PTSD. The prognosis for PTSD depends on severity and length of how long a person has suffered with the mental illness. A majority of those who seek treatment do respond to psychotherapy but residual symptoms may remain and go into remission for different lengths of time. It is important to seek treatment for PTSD as symptoms may become so debilitating that it will interfere with a person’s ability to lead a full and productive life References or Cited Sources: Web MD. (2009). Types of Mental Illness Retrieved from http://www. webmd. om/mental-health/mental-health-types-illness Retrieved on August 8, 2011. Department of Veteran Affairs. Understanding PTSD Treatment Retrieved from http://www. ptsd. va. gov/public/pages/gen-treatment. asp Retrieved on August 8, 2011. eMedicine Health. (Medical Author: Maria Pease, MD. Medical Editor: Melissa Conrad Stoppler, MD Bradley, R. , J. Greene, et al. â€Å"A Multi Dimensional Meta-analysis of Psychotherapy for PTSD. † AMJ Psychiatry 162 . 2 (2005): 214-227. Retrieved from: http://www. emedicinehealth. com/post-traumatic_stress_disorder_ptsd/article_em. htm Retrieved on August 8, 2011. How to cite Human Interaction from a Psychology Perspective, Papers

Credibility on Aquasana Sales Force Plan †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Credibility on Aquasana Sales Force Plan. Answer: Introduction The development of a Sales force plan for the company is aimed at helping the company meet its sales targets. At Oman market, it will help in extending its serviceprovision in the advancement of its mission to provide best-class filtration product that will enable every home to enjoy the great and healthy water. However, it is important to note entering a new market requires an effective marketing strategic plan upon which the company should seek to establish before entering the market. Market dynamics have increased due to increased innovations and development of new products. Due to these changes, many companies are presented with great challenges as increased market dynamics bring about many things, which the company can change as well as those beyond their control. It is important to note that businesses are greatly influenced by the environments in which they operate. Therefore, businesses need to keep a constant check and provide an analysis of the environments within which the market lays. Therefore, an effective analysis of the factors that would influence the sale targets of Aquasana Company at Oman can be done through the use SWOT analysis. In this case, the SWOT analysis helps in analyzing the internal and external factors that can affect the business. The internal factors influencing sales targets, in this case, would be the company strengths as well as weakness while the external factors include the threats as well as opportunities which may also have an influence on the business. The analysis is therefore important as it helps the managers in deciding whether they should take advantage of a new opportunities in the business, deal with changes to your competition operations as well as help in implementing new technology. The company offers water solutions and forms one of the largest leading brands offering pure water solutions for homes. They believe that tasting water and healthy environments are the most important components of healthy living and the overall wellbeing. The company boasts of using the best in class filtering technology as well as innovations to provide maximum reduction in water contaminants globally. Building on the Company Internal Strengths SWOT Analysis, in this case, will help the company to achieve the following benefits: Identify areas of the business that are performing well, which is very important as they form or establish the companys competitive advantage. The strengths of the company will be important in determining the success of the business in any new market as they generally used a force to enter the new markets. For instance, in the Oman market where there is great potential for the company to succeed and increase its sales targets, the company needs, therefore, to develop and capitalize on its strengths (Bravo-Biosca et al., p.724, 2014). The major company strengths are built on the brand. The company water filters have been certified by NSF to reduce common water contaminants. The company boasts to be the leader in water filtration engineering and innovative technology. The company also offers its customers great benefits of enjoying a variety of products that are affordable and environmentally friendly. The brand value lies in certified 97% chlorine removal and allow the customers to get pure water. The fact that its products are environmentally friendly is a major strength in penetrating new markets, as the products will find favor before the government in terms of obtaining the relevant legislation documents. Conducting a SWOT analysis helps to identify these weaknesses and improving before they become a problem for the company: Product or company weaknesses form part of the internal environmental factor affecting many businesses. It is important therefore for the company before venturing into the Oman market to identify its weakness. Weaknesses do not mean that the company is doing badly but acts as a characteristic that the business is at the disadvantage to others (Bello2014, p.51). One of the greatest weaknesses of the company has been in dealing with waste disposal after filtering the water. However, this has been reduced by ensuring that all company water filter components are made in a way that allow for minimal waste. This is done by ensuring that our reusable outer filter casings as well as filter cartridges are made of recyclable part and compostable materials. Seizing the Opportunities It is also important for the business to take advantage of new opportunities especially in the new markets and maximize them to make greater profits: Some of these opportunities may include an increase in global new consumer trends as well as the daily changes in the markets. Seizing opportunities also create a competitive edge for the business by actively closing any market gap to the advantage of the company. The company has, therefore, a great opportunity to take advantage of the new market in Oman where there is great demand for great tasting and healthy water. Counteracting threats Identification of threats is also important if the company wants to increase its sales targets: Threats, in this case, include all theexternal business factors that could be of problems to the business operations currently or in future. Changes in markets, competitors new advertising strategy and new government strategies can be considered as threats. These, however, can be counteracted depending on the company strengths and weaknesses. The company should also focus on addressing individual issues such as the development of new products, organizational structure, advertising strategy as well as its operational efficiency. SWOT Analysis Strengths - Company brand to offer tasting and healthy water. - Ability to reduce common water contaminants - Filtering engineering and innovative technology - Customer focus - Environmental friendly products Weaknesses - Challenge of dealing with waste disposal - Lack of product diversification though innovation Opportunities - The global new consumer trends - Lack of quality water services in Oman - Lack competitive water engineering and innovative technology in Oman Threats - Competition from existing companies - Unfavorable government regulations - Market segmentation Aquasana growth strategy (Corporate) and a generic strategy (Business) Growth strategy can either be corporate or business one. One of the most difficult things or challenge for many business managers is managing rapid growth because the business is normally faced with both opportunities and challenges. It is therefore important for the business to identify and create a good growth strategy. In this respect, Porters generic Competitive Strategies can be used to determine if the companys productivity is more or less than the average industry standards. Sustainable competitive advantage is considered as the basis of the average industry standards. Therefore, it might be possible for Aquasana Water Solutions Company to possess the two basic types of competitive advantage in the form of low cost or differentiation. The following model will clarify the concept of competitive strategies. Diversification strategy in the market will help Aquasana to penetrate into the new market where there is no operating business. In this way, they will be able to create an innovative product in the new market and thus, expand their previous product line with similar kinds of products. The strategies in diversification include development of new products or markets, acquirement of a company, collaboration with a company and others. One of the first steps to developing an effective growth strategy is by focusing on the business or company strengths other than concentrating on the weaknesses. Most of the business weaknesses are solved when the strengths outdo the weaknesses. Therefore, Aquasana Water Solutions Company should give more focus on their service delivery and ensuring that every family enjoys a great tasting of healthy water. Provision of quality services to its customers and great innovative solutions, as well as environmental conservation, should be the top priority of the company. This will help the company meet its sales targets as compared to concentrating on company weaknesses. Business strategy of a company is defined as their plan to meet certain objectives. The strategies become successful when the business experiences growth, a competitive position in the market and a powerful financial base. An effective growth strategy will be determined by the ability of the company to establish its value proposition. In this case, Aquasana should identify the factors, which sets it apart from other competitors for them to boost their sales targets (Khan and Quaddus, p. 278, 2015). Moreover, it is largely recognized in protecting and conserving the environment through innovative technology, which is able to reduce the filtering contaminants. It needs to be given more attention as it is the value proposition of the company. Aquasanashould use the strategy of cost leadership and differentiation, which affect the growth of the company. By doing so, the company is able to dedicate more time and resources. A good business strategy will also be achieved if the company is able to verify its revenue stream. The future of any company is determined by the ability of the company to attract new talents from the job market. Investing in new talent is a great growth for the strategy as they bring about new skills into the company, innovations and can help in delivering better services to the company clients as compared to the existing workforce. It is also of great importance for the company to focus on their competitors and learn about their growth strategies in order to maintainrelevance despite the increased market dynamics. Defining the Sales Target for 2016-2017, based on the environmental analysis In order to define the sales target for the year 2016/17 based on the environmental analysis. It is important to understand that these targets can only be met when there is sustainability in the business as it forms the backbone of every business. Sustainability in business can be seen in two different angles where we have economic sustainability as well as environmental sustainability (Wang Miao2015, p. 2376). Economic sustainability of any business can be achieved through natural capital which comes from the environment, human capital resource which is determined by talented labour, productive capital which results from company productive activities as well as social capital from social trusts and interrelations and finally the financial capital which is used to connect all the other capitals resources and help the company grow and sustain an economy. Environmental sustainability, on the other hand, is directly focused on the physical environment. The sales targets for the year 2016/17 for the company through expansion and entry into the Oman new markets are expected to increase by 5% of the existing sales. To achieve this company will be required to focus more on internal strengths and minimize its weaknesses based on the environmental analysis. The company is also expected to identify new opportunities within the Oman market and maximize them to the benefit of the company. All the operations of the company should be aimed at managing and conserving the environment in order to increase its corporate social responsibility initiatives. Young and middle-aged customers-----------------3% increase The aged group of customers-----------------------2% increase New customers expected------------------------------=(3-2)= 1% expected increase With an increase of sale targets of the three class or groups of customers will help the company attain an annual sales target of 5 % at the end of the year. Sales targets for Aquasana The volume of sales of water heater for both household and commercial purpose of Aquasana as per the 2017 report is given below: Oman: $1765.4 Rest of the world: $997.7 Inter segment sales: -(20.5) Total net sales: $2742.6 billion(Johnstonand Marshall, 2016, p. 8) A sale target in Oman for 2016- 17 according to the sale plan has followed a total percentage of international sales: Current sales volume= $2742.6 billion Number of Sales Person=Total Sales/Estimated sales of per person =2742.6 billion/3 billion=914 sales persons Sales Territory Expected sales Muscat $1000 Sohar $200 Ibri $200 Barka $200 Total $1600 Table: Target sales territory Sales force plan to achieve the defined sales targets, Sales Force Size Tertiary Design for Oman with clear justification This simple sales force plan can be used to achieve the sales targets for Oman. Since this would be a new market, the first step would be identifying with strangers or the people of the area,which forms a basis for creating awareness (BansalDesJardine, 2014, p. 78). The next step would be to connect with the people, and in this case, the salespeople will give some leads to the strangers they have already identified themselves with. Then from the leads, it is easy to identify the qualified leads and this given a further analysis for consideration. The salespeople are able to explore the leads for sales opportunities and advise them on the company products and may end up becoming company customers. A plan for sales training and techniques for the effective sales performance of the sales team of Aquasana Different managers used different techniques to increase or improve the sales performances of the company based on performance of the sales team. Below is a plan for the sales training and techniques for effective sales performance. The first training technique would understand the product (Gamble Thompson, 2014). This greatly helps in understanding the needs of the customer and tailoring the product to provide the best solution to their problems using the product. The second sales training and technique would be reward specific performances and encourage the sales teams that they are doing a great job which boosts their morale and confidence in their work to become the best. It is also important for the managers to avoid overtraining of the sales team. This can have a negative effect on their natural talents and confidence and therefore the training should be kept short but consistent with microlearning (Crane Matten, 2016). Offering field training is also a very crucial sales technique as it provides a detailed feedback from their moments of interaction and social encounters. However, telling success stories to the sales team does a magic to their productivity. It instills a sense of unity in the company salespeople and encourages them to work harder and even smarter to achieve not only their goals but also the company goals. Customer Relationship Strategies to Build a Loyal Customer Base (flower model) Based on the flower model, it defines various market domains, which are interdependent but not necessarily have the dame importance in the company. Each market domain plays an important role different from each other and Aquasana needs to adopt the domains, which are relevant to help them build a loyal customer base. The figure below shows a Six Market Flower Model which can be effective in building a loyal customer base. Customer markets: The success of a company is dependent on the relationship the company is able to make with its customers. The sales people therefore play are a very important role in fostering the client or customer relationships with the company as they act as the first face of the company. The customers are usually the greatest assets a company can ever have (Johnstonand Marshall, 2016, p. 8). It is therefore important for the management to develop effective customer relationships strategies for the sales team in order to equip them builds a loyal customer base. This can be achievedby learning about your customers or getting to know them. The customers include all the people who have continued using the water filter of Aquasana. The company need to kow the requirements of the customers (Bolander et al. 2015, p. 11). Secondly, it is also important that the sales team learn to live by the customer complaints. These complaints give the salespeople or team an opportunity to hear from the customers of what they think about the product or the service. Referral markets: It is very easy for the company to increase their customer base by taking opportunity of the existing customers. Most companies have therefore developed referral strategy whereby they use their existing customers to refer new clients to them. The existing customers usually have an experience with the company and therefore it is easy for them to trust someone who has had past experiences with the company compared to a stranger (Aranda et al. 2015, p. 1202). Most customers are able to buy or consume a certain product merely because they can trust you and not just because of the product. Recruitment Markets: most companies do not recognize the importance of these markets in building relationships with customers. An employee with the right attitude towards work is likely to contribute to positive relationships as he or she lives as per the brand of the work. However, an employee with a negative attitude despite having the right skills will not be able to bring good clients or customers to the company. The company, therefore needs to be careful on their recruitment strategies and should ensure that they develop the company brand right from the recruitment (Wynn 2012, p. 354). The main goal is to implementing effective customer relationship management strategies aimed at improving customer relationship and contribute to increased client retention. Internal markets: the company can also focus on the internal market as it plays a very important role in relationship marketing. Improving employee relationships within the organization is very critical in developing brand development and enhancing marketing. The company should therefore focus on training the employees and keep them updated with the current market trends, motivate them using both monetary and non-monetary gifts and always feel concerned of their welfare. A satisfied employee will transform the same energy into bringing good clients and customers to the organizations or company compared to unsatisfied employee. The Influence Market: the market is comprised of various market forces, which may directly or indirectly impact on the business. Such markets include the environment markets, the financial markets, government as well as the competitors markets. Having knowledge of these four markets will help the company develop products, which cost effective, competitive in the market and are environmental friendly. A company brand or product that is cautious of these markets is able to build long lasting relationships not only with the customers but also with the external world and hence give it a competitive advantage. Supplier/Alliance Markets: the supplier markets are engaged in selling or distributing the products to relevant business locations and therefore the markets are market based. On the other hand, the alliance markets are knowledge based and provide useful information about a certain product. Such markets are also very critical in building loyal customer based; suppliers can be a channel for marketing a certain product or brand in a certain region while alliance markets develop customer trusts by providing knowledge on the product. The company therefore needs to venture into these markets and utilize any opportunity available to build customer relationships. Conclusion There is indeed great potential for Aquasana to venture into the Oman market. The success of the venture into the new market will depend on the specific sales strategies employed to meet the sales targets for the company. It is therefore important to analyze and have sufficient knowledge on the business environment in which the business operates. Understanding the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats available in the market is a very critical tool for Aquasana to adopt or initiate a sales policy or decision. However, the company has to allocate a sale effort as well as determine the sales force size and identifying the sales territories in the region. The sales team of the company in Oman needs, therefore, to be trained on the sales techniques as well as on customer relationships techniques. This will eventually lead to successful venture into a new market and meet the sales targets of the company. List of References Aranda, C., Arellano, J. and Davila, A., 2014. Ratcheting and the role of relative target setting.The Accounting Review, 89(4), pp.1197-1226. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015. Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Bansal, P. and DesJardine, M.R., 2014. Business sustainability: It is about time. Strategic Organization, 12(1), pp.70-78. Bello, B., 2014. Growth strategies for very small organizations: A case study of a very small entrepreneurship. International Journal of Organizational Innovation (Online), 6(4), p.51. Bol, J.C. and Lill, J.B., 2015. Performance target revisions in incentive contracts: Do information and trust reduce ratcheting and the ratchet effect?.The Accounting Review, 90(5), pp.1755-1778. Bolander, W., Satornino, C.B., Hughes, D.E. and Ferris, G.R., 2015. Social networks within sales organizations: Their development and importance for salesperson performance. Journal of Marketing, 79(6), pp.1-16. Botha, A., Kourie, D. and Snyman, R., 2014. Coping with continuous change in the business environment: Knowledge management and knowledge management technology.Elsevier. Bravo-Biosca, A., Criscuolo, C. and Menon, C., 2016. What drives the dynamics of business growth?.Economic Policy, 31(88), pp.703-742. Brooks, G., Heffner, A. and Henderson, D., 2014. A SWOT analysis of competitive knowledge from social media for a small start-up business.The Review of Business Information Systems (Online), 18(1), p.23. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016. Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization.Oxford University Press. Fleisher, C.S. and Bensoussan, B.E., 2015. Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press. Gamble, J. and Thompson, A.A., 2014. Essentials of strategic management.Irwin Mcgraw-Hill. Johnston, M.W. and Marshall, G.W., 2016. Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Khan, E.A. and Quaddus, M., 2015.Examining the influence of business environment on socio-economic performance of informal microenterprises: content analysis and partial least square approach.International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 35(3/4), pp.273-288. Mariadoss, B.J., Milewicz, C., Lee, S. and Sahaym, A., 2014. Salesperson competitive intelligence and performance: The role of product knowledge and sales force automation usage. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(1), pp.136-145. Wang, G. and Miao, C.F., 2015. Effects of sales force market orientation on creativity, innovation implementation, and sales performance. Journal of Business Research, 68(11), pp.2374-2382. Wynn, G.W., 2015. The effects of a salespersons credibility on other salespersons and sales managers. In Proceedings of the 1987 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 353-358). Springer, Cham.

Equality and Diversity Essay Example Essay Example

Equality and Diversity Essay Example Paper Equality and Diversity Essay Introduction This essay examines the cardinal factors that influence inclusive acquisition and instruction in the womb-to-tomb acquisition sector. Teaching methods will change harmonizing to what you want to acquire out of the session. what the scholars are able to accomplish within the clip frame. what stuffs and resources are available. what you are learning. the demands of the scholars and your personal manner. This could be formal. informal or a mixture of both. Formal learning methods include lectors. presentations and presentations. Informal learning includes treatments. group work and practical activities. As I will be learning within the Beauty Therapy my lessons would be a mixture of both these bringing methods. Each activity within the schoolroom will dwell of instruction and acquisition activities which are balanced to run into the different demands of my scholars. Blended acquisition incorporates both traditional and computing machine based methods. This is normally referred to as Inf ormation larning engineering ( ICT ) this usage of computing machine based engineering to heighten learning methods and resources or develop learner liberty is widely promoted. The other chief instruction methods other than ICT I am choosing to utilize are lectors and presentations. Equality and Diversity Essay Body Paragraphs These presentations are really of import as it would demo the pupils the beauty modus operandi that we would anticipate them to follow within their practical Sessionss. This ensures that pupils will be working to the same criterion and will besides adhere to the demands of the awarding organic structure. Practical Sessionss besides help to explicate hard parts of the undertaking when verbal expounding in non adequate. I would besides utilize group work activities. these peculiarly suit kinesthetic scholars but besides when you have a group dwelling of assorted abilities it allows both weak and strong scholars to work jointly. Question and Answer Sessionss will be most normally used in my tutorials. If I was learning for illustration ‘the castanetss and musculuss of the organic structure ) I would inquire pupils to place where musculuss are on the organic structure to assist advance larning. At the start of the class the attack I will utilize to ease inclusive acquisition will b e to transport out an initial appraisal. This will assist me place what type of scholars they are. I would so be after my learning Sessionss to run into these single demands by utilizing a mix of ocular. auditory. kinesthetic instruction and acquisition schemes. For illustration I had merely completed a practical presentation to my group on ‘a facial routine’ . I wanted to do certain my scholars could confidently work in braces and pattern this modus operandi on each other. A undertaking like this would accommodate the kinesthetic because he/she is provided with an chance to make and larn. and for the ocular scholar I would bring forth a measure by measure illustrated hand-out to back up the modus operandi. The Equality Act 2010 lineations protective features which promote equality within schools and colleges and prevent favoritism. This includes gender. sex. disablement. matrimonial position and faith. In order to advance equality in my schoolroom I will necessitate to react positively to the diverse demands of all scholars. Effective communicating with scholars is indispensable and it is the teacher’s duty to guarantee that scholars understand appropriate vocabulary and nomenclature and that remarks are non prejudiced or violative. As a instructor I would maintain linguistic communication simple so that if I have a scholar from different backgrounds they may non hold the same degree of English as British scholars. Resources used such as hand-outs. assignments and work sheets will besides take to advance equality and diverseness. For illustration I would bring forth worksheets in a gender free linguistic communication and besides aim to advance multiculturalism by bring forthing scenario based worksheets that use names from assorted cultural backgrounds. I would besides gait my Sessionss so pupils have plentifulness of clip to take notes and inquire any inquiries. Although inclusion is about back uping learners’ demands. It is non e ver possible for instructors to make this without support themselves. All instructors should be cognizant of the bounds of their ain duty and cognize when and where to entree support for scholars. you will non be able to acquire pupils to work out all their ain troubles. Get to cognize and utilize your establishments pupil services or pastoral support system: it exists to back up your pupils. and you. so do mention where it is appropriate† Junior-grade 2004 There are many topographic points of referral within instruction ; these can be both internal within the instruction constitution or an external administration. The internal topographic points of referral may include pupil support services. scholar study support Centre. and reding and callings advice. If I had a pupil for illustration who needed aid with composing their essay I would set up for them to travel to the scholar survey support Centre who would be able to help Learners with larning troubles or disablements may ne cessitate extra support and may necessitate a designated support worker to back up them within the schoolroom. A scholar with dyslexia may happen it difficult to read text or Numberss or have difficulty with authorship and spelling. therefore I would bring forth written hand-outs and allow scholars with dyslexia to show their thoughts verbally or tape notes if necessary. Political rightness is a normally used term at the minute and is used to guarantee that looks do non do offense to any peculiar group of people. There are besides many external bureaus where scholars can be referred. and which bureau they are referred to would depend on the individual’s demands of the scholar. This may include wellness related issues. household troubles. hapless attending. or repeated disputing behavior. The intent of mentioning a scholar to an external support bureau is to back up an single pupil and to assist them get the better of their troubles which are impacting on their instruction. Fo r illustration if I had a pupil who was invariably riotous in category and had a record of aggressive behavior I would mention them to the Pupil Referral Unit. They would assist and promote the scholar to be involved in the acquisition procedure. but in a smaller environment where they be in a much smaller group ( 3-4 scholars ) and besides receive one-to-one support. Functional accomplishments such as literacy. numeracy and ICT can be easy integrated into my lessons. These activities will run into both literacy and numeracy criterions but are more easy understood by the scholar. An illustration of this would be an assignment covering salon responsibilities. I would inquire the pupils to bring forth a gross revenues leger for stock to be re-ordered from our provider. This would include maths as the pupil would hold to cipher the cost of goods and besides the entire value of the order. it would include English as the pupil needs to bring forth the papers and ICT as the pupil would ho ld to show it in a typed format. The best manner to set up land regulations with my scholars is to negociate them. The regulations should be appropriate and just and agreed as a whole category. As a instructor. I would set up land regulations during the first session. and be after a short activity around this. The category could discourse what is expected of them and compose the regulations in little groups. I would besides name a few land regulations and so negociate them as a category. This gives all scholars the chance to be included and involved and as they have decided on the regulations they are besides more likely to esteem them. When set uping land regulations it is of import to guarantee they are clear and brief and get down positively instead than with ‘do not’ . Once the regulations have been established I would inquire the scholars to compose them on some flipchart paper and hang them up in the category so that they are seeable to all. It is besides of impor t to reenforce the regulations systematically and to give voice scholars when regulations have been adhered to. I feel this method would actuate scholars and besides model good behavior. Some regulations may non be able to be negotiated. For illustration when the pupils come into category they must be have oning their salon uniforms and hair must be tied back. As a instructor even though I have designed my lessons to run into everyone’s demands I still need to guarantee that my scholars are motivated and want to larn. Maslow ( 1970 ) argues that basic demands such a nutrient. safety. love and belonging and self-esteem demand to be met in order for them to accomplish their ends and aspirations. Everyone is motivated through either Intrinsic ( because they want to larn ) or extrinsic incentives ( because they have to i. e. better occupation chances ) . â€Å"A good instructor will play to the strengths of the scholar when seeking to raise enthusiasm in learning† Wilson 2 004 – page 188 Other theories of motive that can be used to actuate scholars include the end orientated theory. based on desire to be rewarded for accomplishment. A scholar is given a clear way or undertaking and when it is reached there is a wages. For illustration I would put a group undertaking for my scholars to finish within the lesson. If they finish before the terminal of the lesson they are allowed an early interruption. If they don’t complete the undertaking at the by the terminal of the session they will hold to finish as prep. Albert Bandura ( 1994 ) suggested that an individual’s belief in themselves and their ability is related to what they can accomplish. An illustration of how this can be applied into the schoolroom is to promote my scholar to seek. and reinterpret the subject if they are diffident. Through coaching and reassurance I will enable that scholar to accomplish. Giving effectual feedback will assist to better the assurance of scholars a nd develop their possible. Feedback should be delivered quickly and be a two manner procedure. I would inquire the learner how they think they did and acquire an thought if their apprehension of the subject. Even if I had negative feedback to give to my scholar I would stop with a positive statement to motivate the scholar to take my remarks on board and go forth them experiencing more positive about their public presentation. To reason I suggest that inclusive instruction can merely take topographic point if both equality and diverseness are positively promoted. Inclusive learning relies on a scope of distinction schemes which may include altered resources or extra schoolroom support. Depending on single scholar demands. scholars may necessitate to be referred to internal or external topographic points of referral for excess support. . We will write a custom essay sample on Equality and Diversity Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Equality and Diversity Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Equality and Diversity Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Free Essays on Marriage

â€Å"What does a Healthy Marital Relationship consist of?† Marriage and the Family Introduction Does anyone know what it means to have a healthy marital relationship? Does anyone know of anyone that has a good healthy marital relationship? This isn’t the question I should be asking, I know. The answer I would probably get would be â€Å"I know a person who knows a person who has a healthy marital relationship.† But more often than not we can think of more people that have bad relationships, because they are greater in numbers than the few good that have good relationships. I will be discussing: (1) what does a healthy martial relationship consist of, (2) what causes unhealthy relationships, (3) How to improve existing not so good relationships, so that they too can become healthy, (4) where people turn for help if they should need it, (5) how does the future look for couples and will they have healthy relationships? What does a Healthy Marital Relationship consist of? A healthy marital relationship consists of 15 basic traits. It’s important to remember that not all relationships have to have all of these traits to be healthy. If your relationship is missing a few traits, it doesn’t mean you have an unhealthy relationship. First, it’s important that partners are able to manage conflicts and differences without threats or losing hope in the matter. It’s also important for the partners to protect and nourish the relationship and to make it a priority. The couple should also be responsible for themselves as individuals, but at the same time they should not ignore the relationship. The couple should feel as individuals, arguments should never lead to abuse or threatened separation. Both individuals should be able to talk about each others wants, needs, feelings, and emotional issues with out feeling embarrassed about what the other person may think. There has to be unconditional love. If not unconditional l... Free Essays on Marriage Free Essays on Marriage Our society is very complex because there are different degrees of organization in it. One unit of organization is family. Families’ cornerstone is marriage. Marriage is one of the most beautiful and challenging relationships among humans. Over fifty percent of married couples get divorced. However mutual understanding, respect for each other, and a healthy social life can make marriage a lasting and happy experience. Mutual understanding is a key element for a successful marriage. Mutual understanding does not mean to agree on everything but to accept and recognize each other’s needs. For example, John needs more personal space then Wendoly does; however Wendoly agrees in spending time separately at least twice a week. In order for this agreement to work, John and Wendoly had to come to an agreement that satisfied both of them. When each partner gives a little in one direction or another, it helps to create harmony and mutual understanding that both parties are satisfied with. Though Wendolyn does not require as much personal space as John, it is apparent that she recognizes John’s need; this is important to the overall agreement. In a separate instance, John does not like to do house chores, but he recognizes how important it is to Wendoly to have a clean home. In an effort to come to a mutual understanding, he agrees to perform house chores at least once a week. Again, this is possible because John is able to recognize how important having a clean house is to Wendoly. Whether a couple is married or not every couple fights. Fighting or arguing is something that happens in all relationships, when people are living together it becomes extremely important that when they argue, they do it respectfully. Mutual respect for each other is what makes the deference. Respecting each other means that we should not use swear words or yell at one another. It might be difficult not to do these things if you are really u... Free Essays on Marriage Marriage Is It the Right Choice? In today’s society, marriage is a fundamental choice that people make in order to provide a secure and stable environment for their families. Marriage offers a more spiritual and healthier lifestyle, compared to the lifestyles of those who are unmarried. Marriage provides a more secure and stable environment for your children to grow up. There are many positive things in life to look forward to when a family is united, such as, birthdays, family reunions, sending the kids off to college, holidays, and the welcoming of a new baby. For instance, when comparing the lifestyles of men, women, and children of married families to that of the non-married, recent surveys and studies have shown that married men earn between 10 and 40 percent more than single men, with similar education and job history. Marriage also increases the likelihood that fathers will have better relationships with their children. Divorce and unmarried childbearing significantly increases poverty rates of both mothers and children. Between one-fifth and one-third of divorcing women, end up in poverty because of divorce. Married women also appear to have a lower risk of domestic violence than cohabiting or dating women. Even after controlling race, age, and education, people who cohabit are still three times more likely to report violent arguments. Since the beginning of our time, through religion, we have been taught that cohabiting was immoral, and that finding our soul mates and becoming married were our destiny. If we would like to be morally right for our faith and well-being, marriage is the beginning our lifelong journey. My argument is not to say that you are more likely to be immoral, if you are not married. However, you are definitely subjected to situations that are a lot more immoral and circumstantial. To conclude my argum... Free Essays on Marriage â€Å"What does a Healthy Marital Relationship consist of?† Marriage and the Family Introduction Does anyone know what it means to have a healthy marital relationship? Does anyone know of anyone that has a good healthy marital relationship? This isn’t the question I should be asking, I know. The answer I would probably get would be â€Å"I know a person who knows a person who has a healthy marital relationship.† But more often than not we can think of more people that have bad relationships, because they are greater in numbers than the few good that have good relationships. I will be discussing: (1) what does a healthy martial relationship consist of, (2) what causes unhealthy relationships, (3) How to improve existing not so good relationships, so that they too can become healthy, (4) where people turn for help if they should need it, (5) how does the future look for couples and will they have healthy relationships? What does a Healthy Marital Relationship consist of? A healthy marital relationship consists of 15 basic traits. It’s important to remember that not all relationships have to have all of these traits to be healthy. If your relationship is missing a few traits, it doesn’t mean you have an unhealthy relationship. First, it’s important that partners are able to manage conflicts and differences without threats or losing hope in the matter. It’s also important for the partners to protect and nourish the relationship and to make it a priority. The couple should also be responsible for themselves as individuals, but at the same time they should not ignore the relationship. The couple should feel as individuals, arguments should never lead to abuse or threatened separation. Both individuals should be able to talk about each others wants, needs, feelings, and emotional issues with out feeling embarrassed about what the other person may think. There has to be unconditional love. If not unconditional l... Free Essays on Marriage They say â€Å"Your life will never be the same once you walk down the isle and say your I Do’s†. I think that they are right. However, I find it interesting that when some people make this statement they are trying to tell you how wonderful life is about to become and on the other hand, there are people who mutter these exact same words and it seems like it is some kind of code for â€Å"run for your life†. I’ve only been married for a short time, but I’ve been in a marriage-like relationship for nearly seven years. In these years, I’ve notices a lot of really good things about being in such a committed relationship. You develop a sense of security somewhere along the way, unlike any you’ve ever had. Like there is someone there that you can count on for any and everything. It’s not only an emotional security, but a physical and financial one as well. You now have that financial back-up just incase you fall on hard times. Not to mention, if you need to work less so you can find yourself or go back to college, you can do that and still make the rent. I’ve come to realize that my husband really is my best friend. I can share all my thoughts and feelings with him, no matter what they are, even if they are about him. I feel like it is thee most honest relationship two people could have and I’ve never felt so comfortable with another person or even myself for that matter. It’s just nice to know that you don’t have to be alone. There are a lot of other perks to being married; Holidays seem to have a new special meaning, it’s like having a â€Å"perma-date† (you never have worry about finding a date), you get a larger income tax refund, more financial aid for school if you choose to go, a better health insurance plan, and best of all, some really nice rings. Of course, like all other things, there are disadvantages to the married life. When you get married, you money in no longer your money, it’s â€Å"our money† a.... Free Essays on Marriage I’m sure you agree that marriage is a commitment. It is a very important decision that a couple has to stick with for the rest of their lives, through good times and bad. It is a sacred promise that would not be fulfilled until death, hence the line â€Å"Till death do us part†. Marriage offers a life of love and happiness but it also will hand you a share of conflicts, hard work and worries. That is why there are three important points you need to remember and have when you decide to enter marriage. These are 1) Human Maturity, 2) Value Clarification, and 3) Authentic Love. You need human maturity before entering marriage. Human Maturity refers to a person’s self-esteem. You have achieved human maturity when you are able to stand alone on your own two feet and have a sense of self. Knowing who you are and being confident in your own skin enables you to devote and offer your entire self to your partner without having any doubts. It also lets you and your partner get to know each other completely and when you know each other that much, you are able to truly trust each other. Lack of human maturity often leads to insecurities, jealousy and lost of trust. Now, you wouldn’t want that in your marriage, would you? The second requirement is value clarification. This means that one has to have a set of priorities and principles. You must know what you want and where you stand and you must be able to share these with your partner so that you two would be able to work on how you would put these priorities and principles into practice. Value clarification gives your marriage a direction. Some think that having a partner with the same set of values as theirs is important. It is good to have a partner having similar values as you but it isn’t necessarily important because if you love each other enough, you two would be able to compromise and work things out on what is best for each other. The last of the three points is authentic ... Free Essays on Marriage Even though the marriages on TV are very different from marriages in real life, there are some similarities that are present, and these similarities are what tie the "non-realistic" to the "realistic," and make these kinds of shows popular and appealing. Marriage in this type of show specifically, is almost portrayed as a joke. It seems that most every character in the sitcom has been with one another more than just once, and having a marriage that lasts is rarely seen. Once a couple does decide to get married the drama begins, and does not stop until the wedding; you have bitter ex’s trying to get their old flings back, parents who do not agree with the marriage, brothers and sisters fighting over the soon to be spouse, the couple themselves fighting due to the old flings that appear, and most dramatic, the ones who come forward about the cheating or dishonesty on the day of the wedding. Beyond the obvious soap opera clichà ©, if a marriage does continue on, it is an extremely sweet one, the characters seem to be in love, and the show makes a connection to the people who watch it. Most every person longs for love, and if they have not found it yet, there is a sense of completion, in their eyes once they see the commitment made. It seems that the couple’s love for one another will go on forever, but the truth of the matter, is that it is a TV show and the audience wants to see drama. Since I would assume, most people have not slept with just about everyone in town, or have not married their ex’s father or mother, or their ex’s brother or sister, and the ways of deception just go on and on, especially in the TV world. When the audience sees this, they see the couple not lasting for more than a month, they see them trying to hurt each other, and in the end, they break off their â€Å"perfect match.† In doing so, this fulfills the audience’s need for deception, betrayal, and deceit but, still gives them a since of stabili...

The significance of credit rating on Chinese auto industry Literature review

The significance of credit rating on Chinese auto industry - Literature review Example This study will mainly concentrate on the importance of credit rating of Chinese auto companies and how credit rating affects auto industry in China. The reason of focusing on Chinese auto industry is that auto industry in China has less influences of Chinese government policies, which could combine more experiences and academic results from western countries into this study. This study will also explore the significance of credit rating to the sustainable development of Chinese auto industry. In order to solve the problems about asymmetry information between lenders and investors and existence of credit risks, credit rating agency appears in the market. Focusing on the Chinese auto industry, this project will demonstrate the specified risk factors in the auto industry and how the ratings are determined by studying the features of Chinese credit rating market and comparing with the western countries’ experiences. The mathematical modelling can be applied in this part to show the ratings clearly and also case study will be used here. Moreover, this project will also introduce the impact to the large auto enterprises in China. This can be illustrated from two points: on one side, the significance of credit rating on developed corporate bonds of the auto companies will be studied; on the other side, the role of credit ratings on new products of asset securitisation of Chinese auto firms will be analysed. Furthermore, based on the studies, this project will discuss the sustainable development strategies for Chinese auto industry. 4. The impact of credit ratings to Chinese auto corporate bonds which are already in the market need to be discussed; the important role of credit ratings on new financial products of Chinese auto asset securitisation will be analysed. Credit risk in the financial market can be defined as the uncertain ability of an obligor to repay the money owing. Adams et al. (1999) mentions thatCredit rating started back in 1837 by Mercantille

History and political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History and political science - Essay Example Some of the ancient theorists are the Marxists and empiricists. Marxists focused on the issue of communism and capitalism1. Karl Marx is among the many known historians who led to the development of the Marxist theory. Therefore, it is necessary to address a number of theories developed by these historians. Numerous reasons are accountable for the difference in interpretations of history as depicted by varied historians. First, historians existed at dissimilar times and thus encountered different life occurrences. For instance, the ancient historians majorly tried to put into history the occurrences that people had not given attention2. This is a category of individuals, who ventured majorly in the explanation of the origin of humanity and the social classes. In an appropriate explanation of why historians have such different interpretations of history, it is crucial to examine the works of Karl Marx3. Marx is highly renowned due to his Marxist theory. Karl Marx is among the ancient historians born in Germany in 1818 and his works contributed mightily to history. Marx existed during a period coupled with many revolutions. As a result, together with his collaborator, he developed several ideas from their life experiences. Karl’s closest friend, Friedrich Engels worked together in writing the history. As opposed to ancient historians, modern and postmodern historians depict a different way of interpreting history4. The key reason behind their interpretation is the developments that have occurred recently. In addition to the developments, the availability of the secondary information sources in national archives and libraries facilitates the process of interpreting history5. Such resources normally compare the ancient history with the current, thus coming up with an accurate, as well as informed explanation of the key historical happenings. The question also demands an explanation on how different historians interpret history in a dissimilar manner. In answ ering the above question, it will be necessary to focus on some of the historians’ interpretations about history. An ancient historian whose name is Karl Marx contributed significantly in history. He interpreted history by giving a lot of attention to materialistic bit of it6. As a result, the phrase historical materialism came into existence. The literature has revealed that he concentrated on both physiological, as well as the material needs. He disputed the idea of a complete satisfaction of an individual’s both physiological, as well as materialistic needs. He thus concluded that the ease at which to access such materials determines the nature of a society hence the birth of the phrase history of humanity. He also established three ways in which human society changes and all of them were dependent on the level of production. In addition to the Karl’s interpretation of history, other historians such empiricists have different interpretations7. Empiricists emp loy scientific principles in understanding how history has been changing over time. They insist the implication of applying knowledge in order to understand the key historical events. In the information collection process, they stress on the authenticity of the resources used in maintaining the accuracy of information. They aim at visiting the main international archives thus collecting the most accurate information for interpretation purposes. Among all the theories described in the book, I feel comfortable with the empiricist theory. The above is a theory based on knowledge, as well as epistemology8. Scholars define epistemology as the study of knowledge. The empiricists majorly center their work on craft. The issue of craft highly concentrates on knowledge and skill. The empiricism is an

How Exterior Environments Effect The Home Depot Corporation Term Paper

How Exterior Environments Effect The Home Depot Corporation - Term Paper Example vironments, since the challenges brought in by these environments are sometimes considered instrumental in making organisations devise mechanisms of overcoming the challenges. The facet of any business operations is to make profit. However, for any organisation to maintain competitive advantage, several factors dictate the success of developing and maintaining competitive advantage. According to Aquinas (2008), one of these factors is the external environments such as social, cultural, religious, legal and political environments. This paper will articulate on these factors and outline their influences on businesses and particularly on The Home Depot Corporation. Apart from internal operations of an organisation, each of the above mentioned external factors have been identified as potential influences of the business. Each of these factors affects businesses in different ways. Nevertheless, the line of business and market determines the level of control that these environments have on the business. For instance, a fast food business would be influenced differently by culture as opposed to how a clothing business would be influenced by the same. In some sit uations, the external environment has been argued to have configured the internal operations of an organisation, something that leads to slow development or boosts organisations returns (Markham, 2011). For instance, cultural factors may force an organisation to design or come up with new products that suits the culture of the target market. Political factors may force organisations to operate under the current political environment, something that may end up affecting the business operations that can lead to losses or slow development. Hatch & Cunliffe (2013) argued that organisations that want to maintain competitive advantage must show their willingness to participating in corporate social responsibility (Parboteeah, & Cullen, 2013). Social responsibility entails handing back to the society by supporting

Freudian and Jungian Literary Analysis: Under Milk Wood

Freudian and Jungian Literary Analysis: Under Milk Wood Exploration of dreams, symbols and archetypes in Dylan Thomas play for voices Under Milk Wood This paper seeks to assert that Dylan Thomas play Under Milk Wood can be successfully viewed using Freudian and Jungian psychoanalytic techniques. It will attempt to not only isolate and highlight many instances of typical psychical symbolism in the work but also what could be thought of as psychoanalytic mechanisms; especially as they relate to Freuds notions of the Dreamwork in his The Interpretation of Dreams (1997) or Jungs archetypes and collective unconscious. By doing this I hope to not only subject Thomas work to a rigorous psychoanalytical exegesis, uncovering hidden personal symbols, structures and images, but also highlight the psychosocial depth of Under Milk Wood; a depth that has hitherto been overlooked by some critics. Through this I hope to assess the notion that Thomas was every bit as influenced by Freud and Jung as James Joyce and Virginia Woolf were a generation before. I will begin, in my Introduction, to give an outline of the importance of Freud and psychoanalysis to post-World War One literature and what Dylan Thomas place within that was; paying particular attention to Thomas own assertions on the importance of psychoanalysis in his work and the ways that it was greeted by the literati of the 1930s and 40s. The first chapter will be dedicated to a discussion of Under Milk Wood and its creation, looking at such areas as plot construction, the structural nature of the piece and its creative aetiology. From here I will go on to discuss the notion of the Freudian dreamwork and its manifestations in Under Milk Wood. The dreamwork, exemplified by such concepts as condensation, displacement and secondary revision, is a central concept in the Freudian cannon and, as such, has become an important interpretive tool for both psychoanalysts and literary critics. It is with this in mind that I shall attempt to isolate instances of all four of the major mechanisms of the dreamwork in Thomas play whilst relating them to the wider issues of poetic creativity and narrative structure. I will also offer a brief discussion of how Jungs interpretation of dreams differed from Freuds before going on to examine how both can be used to inform us of Thomas play. The third chapter will be dedicated to Jungian archetypes. I will isolate and discuss the many instances of archetypal imagery in the play, paying special attention to the way in which they fit in with Thomas over all poetic sense as it is displayed in his use of language, narrative and plot. This chapter will also examine the role of the collective unconscious and relate it to the Modernist technique of the stream of consciousness novel and the works of James Joyce and Virginia Woolf. My conclusion will attempt to answer the main hypothesis of this paper, that indeed psychoanalytic techniques and knowledge can be used to understand Dylan Thomass play and also what that says about the playwrights role as a modern day bard. Introduction: â€Å"The Analytic Revelation† Thomas Manns paper â€Å"The Significance of Freud† published in 1936 gives us some indications as to the importance of early psychoanalysis on the literary life of Europe and America: â€Å"The analytic revelation is a revolutionary force. With it a blithe scepticism has come into the world, a mistrust that unmasks all the schemes and subterfuges of our own souls. Once roused and on alert, it cannot be put to sleep again. It infiltrates life, undermines its raw naà ¯vetà ©, takes from it the strain of its own ignorance†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Mann, 1965: 591) As Malcolm Bradbury and James McFarlane assert in their study Modernism: A Guide to European Literature 1890-1930 (1991), this â€Å"revolutionary force† was a large constituent of early twentieth century notions of, not only Modernism in literature and the arts but also, what it meant to be a modern man or woman. The early Modernist writers of the inter-war period not only embraced Freud and psychoanalysis as heralding a new paradigm of self-sufficiency and ontological autonomy but also, as a journal entry by Andre Gide exposes, thought themselves part of an existing groundswell of thought that was, above all, quintessentially new: â€Å"Freud†¦Freudianism†¦For the last ten years, or fifteen, I have been indulging in it without knowing.† (Gide, 1967: 349) The connection between psychoanalysis and literature has always been problematic. Freud, himself asserts in the opening paragraphs to his essay â€Å"The Uncanny† (2005) that â€Å"only rarely (does) a psycho-analyst (feel) impelled to investigate the subject of aesthetics† (Freud, 2000: 1), however writers, critics and even Freud himself have made extensive use of the interpretive similarities between the two disciplines . Not only are there are a whole host of studies devoted to the use of psychoanalysis in literary criticism but in the Introduction to his novel The White Hotel (1999), D.M. Thomas draws attention to the extraordinarily literary quality of Fr euds case studies; each containing many of the tropes and leitmotifs one would normally associate with a creative work. For Freud, the psychical mechanisms of creative writing and dreaming are in, some senses at least, inextricably linked. Both are based in a tripartite system of ideational fantasy formation consisting of: a current situational issue or concern that provokes the memory of a childhood incident or trauma which, in turn, shapes some future action in the guise of a wish fulfilment. Freud sets out the relationship between this system and literature in his essay â€Å"Creative Writers and Day Dreaming† (Freud, 1986): â€Å"We are perfectly aware that very many imaginative writings are far removed from the model of the naà ¯ve daydream; and yet I cannot suppress the suspicions that even the most extreme deviations from that model could be linked with it through an uninterrupted series of transitional cases.† (Freud, 1986: 150) Freud continues to explain the disparity between the mind of the creative writer and the ordinary day-dreamer, asserting that whereas the latter results in a self-conscious repression of desire (the wishes of the day-dreamer being best left unspoken) the former revels in and promulgates such desire, translated as it is by artistic skill and temperament: â€Å"The writer softens the character of his egoistic day-dreams by altering and disguising it, and he bribes us by the purely formal – that is aesthetic – yield of pleasure which he offers us in the presentation of his phantasies.† (Freud, 1986: 153) This essay, perhaps more than any other work of Freuds, highlights for us the attraction of psychoanalysis to early twentieth century writers. Metaphysically and spiritually sceptical after the mass slaughter of the First World War and the alienation engendered by rise of the industrial paradigm, Freudian theory offered (as testified by Manns essay) a distinctly human, non-metaphysical and wholly scientific explanation for the place of the artist within society. For Freud, the artist was distinct from the rest of the populous but this had a purely psychical aetiology, leaving no imperative for notions of religious or supra-human inspiration. This is undoubtedly some of the attraction of Freudianism for Dylan Thomas who, throughout his letters and early work makes both use and reference to writers and critics that were, themselves, heavily influenced by Freud and psychoanalysis. Francis Scarfe, in the essay â€Å"Dylan Thomas: A Pioneer† (1960) cites Freud as a major influence on the formation of Thomas early poetic voice, derived in the main from his experiences with what Scarfe calls â€Å"Sitwellism† (Scarfe, 1960: 96): â€Å"The dominant points of contact seems to be James Joyce, the Bible and Freud. The personal habits of language and mythology of Dylan Thomas can readily be identified through these three sources.† (Scarfe, 1960: 96) If Joyce lent the young poet some of the lyricism and sense of narrative and the Bible some of the rich cadence and verbal poetics, Freud enabled Thomas to look within his own unconscious and find images and leitmotifs that would find resonance with the rest of humanity as, firstly, personal then increasingly Bardic and archetypal symbols formed the basis of his work. An early poem of Thomas clearly mirrors the hyperbole of Freuds first lectures on psychoanalysis; the poet and the analyst both evoking the image of the journey into an unknown by an antonymous but courageous individual: â€Å"The midnight road, though young man tread unknowking. Harbouring some thought of heaven, or haven hoping. Yields peace and plenty at the end. â€Å" (Thomas, 1990: 119) We can compare this to Freuds famous analogy that is evoked throughout his work: â€Å"The interpretation of dreams is in fact the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious; it is the securest foundation of psycho-analysis and the field in which evey worker must acquire his convictions and seek his training. If I am asked how one can become a psycho-analyst, I reply: â€Å"By studying ones own dreams†Ã¢â‚¬  (Freud, 1957: 60) Interestingly, Thomas himself was reluctant to acknowledge his debt to Freud, choosing instead to suggest a notion that we have already posited here; that Freuds influence is paradigmatic. He says in the collection of interviews â€Å"Notes on the Art of Poetry† (1963) that his writing is influenced by Freud only through the work others , itself a testament to the extent that Freudian theory and, indeed, the whole of psychoanalytic thought has permeated the very fabric of modern literature. Thomas notebooks poems, his earliest poetic statements, are suffused with what we shall see are Freudian images, inspired perhaps not by psychoanalysis itself but by the poets interest in Surrealism and their early antecedents the 18th century Metaphysical poets. Works such as: â€Å"Where once the waters of your face Spun to my screws, your dry ghost blows, The dead turns up its eye†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Thomas, 1990: 217) And â€Å"In wasting one drop from the hearts honey cells. One precious drop that, for the moment, quells Desires pain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Thomas, 1990: 133) Clearly reflect the artistic tenants set out in Bretons Manifestoes of Surrealism (1972) that sought to combine Freudian concepts of the dreamwork with aesthetic creation . As we shall see in the first chapter of this paper, this delight in the surreal as it relates to the Freudian image remained with Thomas throughout all of his working life and, most certainly, manifests itself in Under Milk Wood. The analytic revelations then, of Freud , have not only influenced those writers such as Breton, Auden and Woolf who are were intimately acquainted with his writing but also writers like Dylan Thomas who, by his own admission, came to psychoanalysis through other creative writers works. This paper, like many others, uses psychoanalytic theory as a methodology with which to uncover latent symbols, patterns and structures within Thomas work. It will not only relate such symbols to the poets own poetic vision but will, through Jungian theory, expand these so that they encompass universal archetypes and concepts such as the collective unconscious that structures the unconscious and, inevitably finds its way into works of a creative nature . Chapter One: â€Å"To Begin at the Beginning† Dylan Thomas play for voices Under Milk Wood began life as a small radio broadcast Quiet Early One Morning (Sinclair, 1975, Jones, 1963) and this short piece is easily recognisable as the genesis for the larger work. There are, for instance, many of the same basic characters – the milkman â€Å"still lost in the clangour and music of Welsh-spoken dreams† (Thomas, 1992), the sea captain, the lonely lady â€Å"Miss May Hughes† and even the tragic-comic Mrs Ogmore Pritchard. There is the same sense of poetic cadence that constantly adds to the somatic quality of the writing, lulling the reader into a musical trance as sibilance and assonance is combined with Thomas particular inner rhythms, such as in this extract: â€Å"The sun lit the sea-town, not as a whole, from topmost down reproving zinc-roofed chapel to empty-but-for-rats-and-whispers grey warehouse on the harbour, but in separate bright pieces.† (Thomas, 1978: 15) The story, recited by Thomas himself in 1944 on the BBC, describes the still sleeping town of New Quay in Cardiganshire (Maud, 1992) and weaves external description with internal monologue as the narrator flits in and out of the dreaming consciousnesses of the towns inhabitants. In the story, each paragraph brings a new image or a new perspective but what we are ultimately presented with is the stream of consciousness of the narrator; in the story, unlike in Under Milk Wood, an impersonal but altogether discernable â€Å"I†: â€Å"Quite early one morning in the winter in Wales, by the sea that was lying down still and green as grass after a night of tar-black howling and rolling, I went out of the house, where I had come to stay for a cold unseasonable holiday†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Thomas, 1978: 15) It is this point, this appearance of the personal pronoun that, as we shall see, makes Quite Early One Morning markedly different to Under Milk Wood. Thomas, however, retains the sense of dreamy absurdity, as images are juxtaposed for comic effect amid the repeated refrain of â€Å"The town was not yet awake†. Under Milk Wood grew out of this humble beginning and is both markedly similar and surprisingly different . Both works reflect, as Derek Stanford (1954) suggests, the cadences, characterisation and plot construction of Joyces Ulysses (1979), being as they are the collective narratives of a whole town in the same time period. Both works, however, are also embryonic, Quite Early One Morning obviously being a blueprint for Under Milk Wood but this also being merely a fragmentary snapshot of a larger planned work that was never finished (Jones, 1986: ix). Under Milk Wood also resembles the cyclical structure of Joyces other great work Finnegans Wake (1992). Thomas play abounds with references to beginnings and commencements; we have, for instance, the famous first lines: â€Å"To begin at the beginning: It is Spring, moonless night in the small town, starless And bible-black†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Thomas, 2000: 1) That not only evokes the biblical â€Å"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth† (Gen, 1:1) but also the creational sense of Joyces reference to the beginnings of mankind in the opening lines of his novel: â€Å"riverrun, past Eve and Adams, from swerve of shore to bend of bay, brings us by a commodius vicus of recirculation back to Howth castle and Environs.† (Joyce, 1992: 3) In Under Milk Wood, the cyclical nature of the day is metonymous with the seasonal nature of the year and this with the life of a human being as Thomas juxtaposes images of beginnings, babies and births with ageing, infirmity and death; as in this passage: â€Å"All over town, babies and old men are cleaned and put into their broken prams and wheeled on to the sunlit cockled cobbles or out into the backyards under the dancing underclothes, and left. A baby cries.† (Thomas, 2000: 27) As we shall see, this notion of the circle, of repeating is important to both Freud and Jung; Freud through his insistence on the importance of the return in notions such as repression and the death drive and Jung, through his concept of the mandala as a recurring symbol. Like Joyce, Thomas displays circles within circles, as the plot and structure of the work as a whole mirrors the framework of the characters lives and psyches. We see this reflected in many of the plays most successful characters, witness for instance the constant iteration of Mrs Ogmore Pritchard, as she repeats her life over and over again with different husbands, only to have them revisit her after their deaths: â€Å"Mr Ogmore, linoleum, retired, and Mr Pritchard, failed bookmaker, who maddened by besoming, swabbing and scrubbing, the voice of the vacuum cleaner and the fume of the polish, ironically swallowed disinfectant, fidgets in her rinsed sleep, wakes in a dream and nudges in the ribs dead Mr Ogmore, dead Mr Pritchard, ghostly on either side.† (Thomas, 2000: 10) The same can be said, of course, for Captain Cat, whose dreams and waking life are characterised not by the dead per se, but by their return as he witnesses the phantasmatic manifestations of either his repression or the collective unconscious (whether one is citing Freud or Jung). The sense, in Under Milk Wood, is that of a blithe acceptance of the passing of time and the knowledge that things return; the sunrise, the Spring and the dead. This is reflected in many of Thomas poems, for instance in the closing lines of â€Å"I See the Boys of Summer†: â€Å"I am the man your father was. We are the sons of flint and pitch. Oh see the poles are kissing as they cross!† (Thomas, 1990: 219) In this, also, as Karl Jay Shapiro asserts in his study In Defense of Ignorance (1960), Thomas work clearly reflects what was a seminal poem for the young poets generation W.B. Yeats â€Å"The Second Coming† (1987) which contains images of both beginnings and circles within circles. In the next chapter I will look at how these aspects of Under Milk Wood can be interpreted through the psychoanalytical work of Freud and Jung, paying attention specifically to their concepts of dreams and dreaming; again another leitmotif of Thomas play that can be seen to come from Joyces Finnegans Wake. Chapter Two: The Dreamwork, the Symbol and Captain Cat Freud On Dreams As Richard Wollheim suggests, Freuds theories on dreams are the â€Å"most remarkable single element† (Wollheim, 1971: 66) of his psychoanalytical project and Freud himself in his essay â€Å"On Dreams† (1991) stresses the primacy of dream interpretation in his system: â€Å"The transformation of the latent dream-thoughts into the manifest dream-content deserves all out attention, since it is the first instance known to us of psychical material being changed over from one mode of expression to another.† (Freud, 1991: 89) For Freud, dreams serve as symptoms of unconscious repression in the same way as parapraxes (slips of the tongue) and instances of forgetfulness. The content of dreams can, he said, be split into the latent and the manifest; the one providing a shield for the other as the Unconscious gives up its fissures and problems that have been repressed by the Ego during waking hours. Freuds work The Interpretation of Dreams attempts to provide a full scale, largely scientific study of not merely the symbolism of dreams but also their mechanism; a mechanism that he termed the ‘dreamwork. The dreamwork can be thought of as a process (Wollheim, 1971) that transcribes the latent content of dreams into the language of the manifest. Freud is clear in The Interpretation of Dreams that psychoanalysis does not deal with the simple ‘translation of images or primitive notions of symbol exchange that sees dreams as merely scripts that can be easily interpreted using a universal dictionary, although he does acquiesce to the point that some symbols recur on a universal level. Instead, Freud sees dreams as the return of repressed desires and their attendant wishes that find a voice in the psychical economy through a process of disguise. The desire, as Richard Stevens (1983) suggests, â€Å"will be fused with experiences and thoughts from the previous day or even events occurring during the course of the night† (Stevens, 1983: 30). The dreamwork, in the Freudian system, is both the mechanism of disguise and the tool of interpretation because it contains an internal logic that can be used by the analyst to trace the source of repression and, through the process of transference, brought into the conscious and rendered harmless (Freud, 1997). Perhaps the most important concept within The Interpretation of Dreams is the four-fold dreamwork mechanism that can be used, not only in dream interpretation but as we shall see, in the critical appreciation of literature. Freud termed these mechanisms condensation, displacement, representation and secondary revision and before I go to look at how each one fits into Under Milk Wood specifically I would like to, briefly, offer up an explanation as to how each effects the manifest dream-content and ergo the literary image or trope. Condensation This is, perhaps, the most common dream feature and is what gives dreams their sparse, confusing quality. For Freud, dream-thoughts are many and varied, each bombarding the dreamwork simultaneously: â€Å"The dream is meagre, paltry and laconic in comparison with the range and copiousness of the dream-thoughts. The dream, when written down fills half a page; the analysis, which contains the dream-thoughts requires six, eight, twelve times as much space.† (Freud, 1997: 170) Condensation manifests itself as images laden with meaning, as the unconscious overlays and condenses two or more dream-thoughts into one motif. Part of the skill of the analyst according to Freud is the extent that such condensation can be unravelled and successive layers of unconscious meaning and repression peeled back and revealed (Freud, 1965: 313). Whereas Freud was dubious as to the possibility of ever reaching a definitive dream interpretation because of the very nature of condensation, he also asserted that the ways in which dream-thoughts are condensed gives the analyst a clue as to their psychical meaning. Freud cites his own dream of the Botanical Monograph as an example of the way in which different dream-thoughts can be condensed into one dream-image; the latent meaning only becoming apparent when this relationship is exposed . Displacement Displacement refers to the substituting of elements within dreams. Due to the nature of the unconscious, elements and images that have a similar psychical economy invariably end up being displaced, one for the other. In The Interpretation of Dreams Freud characterises displacement as constituting a de-centring of the dream-thoughts: â€Å"We may have noticed that these elements which obtrude themselves in the dream-content as its essential components do not by any means play this same part in the dream-thoughts.† ( Freud, 1997: 190) Displacement, like condensation, arises from the synchronous nature of the unconscious and manifests itself in two ways; firstly, through the substituting of dream-thoughts, so that dreams can appear absurd and illogical and, secondly through shifting meanings – an image may possess one meaning in one nights dream and another on a different night. Melanie Klein, for instance, in her essay â€Å"Psychological Principles of Early Analysis† (1991) offers us some interesting insights into how displacement works in something other than the dream; the child at play. â€Å"My analyses again and again reveal how many different things, dolls for example, can mean in play. Sometimes they stand for the penis, sometimes for the child stolen from the mother, sometimes for the little patient itself etc.† (Klein, 1991: 134) Both condensation and displacement have been used as the basis for theories of Surrealist aesthetics, as Carrouges and Prendergast assert in their study Andre Breton and the Basic Concepts of Surrealism (1974: 192) which uses seemingly disparate images juxtaposed in order to create an illogical, dream-like tableaux. Representation Representation refers to the dreamworks tendency to present feelings, repressions and notions as images and symbols. Unlike many pre-Freudian systems of dream interpretation such symbolisation is centred, to a very large extent, around the dreamers own personal history and psychology. However as I have already stated there are, due to the inter-subjective nature of the psyche, recurring symbols and motifs that can be found in a great many peoples dreams. Richard Stevens in his Freud and Psychoanalysis (1983) mentions just a few of them: â€Å"small boxes, chests, cupboards and ovens correspond to the female organ; also cavities, ships and all kinds of vessels. The actions of climbing ladders, stairs, inclines or flying may be used to symbolise sexual intercourse; having a haircut, tooth pulled or being beheaded, castration.† (Stevens, 1983: 33) Secondary Revision Secondary revision refers to the mental processes that occur after the dreamer awakes and that organises and places the otherwise absurd and disparate images and themes into a, relatively, cohesive narrative. Wollheim points to there being doubt in Freuds later work as to the place of secondary revision within the dreamwork (Wollhein, 1971: 69) but, as a concept, it has been important in many neo-Freudian systems of aesthetics especially, as Charles Altman points out in his essay â€Å"Psychoanalysis and Cinema† (1986: 526), by the French school of film critics who saw it as, not so much an integral part of the dreamwork, but as the main constituent in narrative formation and the audience/film dialectic. Jung On Dreams Dreams play as important a role in the work of Carl Jung as Sigmund Freud (Fordham, 1964) however the former not only sees their place in the psychical economy differently but has, as he explains in Man and his Symbols (1964), created an entirely separate process of interpretation and translation. Jung disagreed with Freuds notion of the dreamwork and his method of free association whereby the analysand recalls a dream and lets their mind wander through the myriad of different unconscious connections only to be unravelled and assessed by the analyst. For Jung, this process is likely to uncover neuroses and repression but is unlikely to uncover them connected with the dream. For Jung, the further away from the central motifs of the dream-image one gets the further away one travels from the locus of their meaning. Therefore, under a Jungian system, dreams consist not of personal motifs of repression returning through the dreamwork but as expressions of either the personal or collective unconscious. The method of extracting the meaning from dreams is centred around the correct reading of such symbols and an evaluation of how they relate to either the dreamers personal or their phyllogenetic background, as Jung himself asserts: â€Å"Dreams are impartial, spontaneous products of the unconscious psyche, outside the control of the will. They are pure nature, they show us unvarnished, natural truth, and are therefore fitted, as nothing else is, to give us back an attitude that accords with our basic human nature.† (Jung, 1989: 55) Jung viewed the waking, conscious perceptions as having a penumbra of associated psychical meanings (Jung, 1964: 28), even the very simplest of actions, for instance seeing or hearing, can involve a gamut of other ideational and experiential relations and it is this that we witness in dreams; the whole of our unconscious unfettered by the ordering, the siphoning and the categorisation of the conscious mind. For Jung, then, the absurd quality of dreams, their surreal nature comes not from intervention of the dreamwork but from the cultural and personal associations attached to perceptions and experiences. Thomas On Dreams Both Freuds and Jungs systems of dream interpretation offer us important critical tools with which to view Dylan Thomas Under Milk Wood both in terms of the images and symbols the playwright uses in order to convey the sense of the somatic and the dream-like and his use of surrealism as a semi-comic trope throughout the piece. The play begins in the collective dream of the town. Just like the short story Quite Early One Morning, the audience is taken on a journey through the consciousnesses of the sleeping townsfolk as they dream their separate dreams, shaped (as both Freud and Jung assert) by their individual consciousnesses and personalities. Captain Cat, for example, experiences the return of the repressed guilt he feels towards his long dead shipmates: â€Å"Captain Cat, the retired blind sea-captain, asleep in his bunk in the seashelled, ship-in-bottled, shipshape best cabin of Schooner House dreams of Second Voice: never such seas as any that swamped the decks of the S.S. Kidwelly bellying over bedclothes and jellyfish-slippery sucking him down salt deep into the Davy dark† (Thomas, 2000: 2) Thomas, here, reflects both Freudian and Jungian dream analysis as Captain Cats dreams abound with symbols of his past and are unmistakably suffuse with the characters own visual lexicon, what Jung calls the â€Å"dream language† (Jung, 1986: 33). The same can be said of Dai Bread who dreams of â€Å"harems†, Polly Garter who dreams of â€Å"babies† and even Nogood Boyo who dreams of â€Å"nothing†. However, within the very text of Under Milk Wood we notice each one of the four elements of the Freudian dreamwork. The dense language is a clear instance of condensation: the vital elements of the imagistic leitmotifs are extracted and pile one on top of another, as adjective combines with adjective to form the quintessentially Thomasian poetics, such as here where the playwright draws a finely tuned portrait of Mrs Dai Bread One, the wife of the baker: â€Å"Me, Mrs Dai Bread One, capped and shawled and no old corset, nice to be comfy, nice to be nice, clogging on the cobbles to stir up a neighbour. Oh, Mrs Sarah, can you spare a loaf, love? Dai Bread forgot the bread. Theres a lovely morning! Hows your boils this morning?† (Thomas, 2000: 22) Thomas both describes the sense of a dream here and, through condensation, utilizes its mechanism. Words and phrases are juxtaposed and their meaning condensed in a way that mirrors almost exactly the workings of Freuds dreamwork. We see this reflected many times throughout the narrative of Under Milk Wood, as the author evokes in a linguistic sense what Freud saw in a psychoanalytic sense. We see, for example a clear literary rendering of displacement in the absurd portrait of Cherry Owen as described by the Second Voice: â€Å"Cherry Owen, next door, lifts a tankard to his lips but nothing flows out of it. He shakes the tankard. It turns into a fish. He drinks the fish.† (Thomas, 2000: 13) Here the incongruous image of a fish replaces or displaces the tankard that Cherry Owen drinks from adding to the dreamy quality of the early passages of the play. As a cultural symbol, the fish also mirrors the third of the Freudian mechanisms, representation, whereby a linguistic notion â€Å"He drinks like a fish† is rendered in a quasi-comic symbolic form. Of course, the ultimate use of dreams and dreaming in Under Milk Wood is the plot itself. Both Freud and Jung rely heavily on the concept of the return within their respective dream philosophies (Stevens, 1983; Fordham, 1964) and this is reflected in the very structure of the play that could, after all, be thought of as merely the manifest dream-content of the First Voice, or perhaps even Thomas himself. Like a dream, the text iterates, as we shall see in the next chapter, the same basic images and archetypes; the symbols are at once full of meaning in themselves and signifiers for other things. The First Voice can be seen as the voice of God but also of secondary revision, knitting disparate elements together to form a narrative that can be followed and engaged with. As the characters awake, their lives, as they are described by the First and Second voice, are shown to be no less absurd than the irrationality of their dreams. This is perhaps because the entire play can itself be seen as a dream of the authors in which he creates, as he states in a letter to A.G. Prys Jones, â€Å"a never-never Wales† (Thomas, 1985: 848) that, like its Peter Pan counterpart, is as much a manifest wish of its author as anything else. Chapter Three: The Shadow, T Kelloggs Business Strategy: Success Factors and Barriers Kelloggs Business Strategy: Success Factors and Barriers Introduction: The importance of customers and their value plays a major role and cannot be neglected by the companies in todays business world. The implementation of different new strategies and marketing plans will not help if the companies do not pay attention to the customers. Any companys marketing plan agenda should and will always include customers. Customer focus and retention is a powerful strategic advantage that helps to increase the profitability of the company and to survive in the high competitive environment. The different consumers across the world might lead to varying consumer behaviours which result in identifying varying concepts by decision making units to sell the products. In a company like Kelloggs the purchasing process is dependant on consumer behaviour. The buying pattern of the consumers has an influence on directly related phenomena as well as post marketing phenomena. Kelloggs has seen a downfall in sales in the past decade and still continues to see. There is a huge discussion in the EU market about the food nutrition and labelling and the negative media image produced about the products of the company. The Kelloggs products are criticised by food standard agency (FSA) as red products and junk food. They said that the company is trying to show their products healthier than they actually are. These statements and actions of FSA has not only affected the overall business and its image but also the consumer attitude towards the products. This report talks about how Kelloggs can resolve the issue by using marketing research and customer focused strategy. Company Profile: Kelloggs is the worlds largest cereal maker since 1906 and is located in the United States. Kelloggs products has become a part of the delicious mornings for the people around the world since a century. Its business is operated in two segments: Kelloggs North America and Kelloggs International. 66% of the revenue to the company comes from North America region which consists of the Canada and the United States. The remaining 34% comes from the Kelloggs international market which consists of Europe (20%), Latin America (8%) and Asia Pacific (6%). The products vary from ready-to-eat cereals to convenience foods such as cereal bars, cookies, toaster pastries, crackers, frozen waffles, snacks and veggie foods. Obesity and Health Wellness is the primary concern for people in the world today. Kelloggs has invested on this trend by introducing many health focused products like Kelloggs ®, Pop-Tarts ®, Cheez-It ®, Mini-Wheats ®, Nutri-Grain ®, Rice Krispies ®, Keebler ®, Specia l K ®, Chips Deluxe ®, Famous Amos ®, Morningstar Farm ®, Sandies ®, Eggo ®, Austin ®, Club ®, Murray ®, Kashi ®, Bear Naked ®, Gardenburger ®,All-Bran ®,and Stretch Island ®. The demand for its products came from the continuous advertising since 1906. The main competitors are General foods, Quaker Oats, General Mills and Ralston-Purina. It started out in Battle Creek, Michigan with 44 employees which eventually has grown into a multinational company with 30,000 employees. The manufacturing of its products is taking place in 18 countries and selling them over 180 countries successfully with the implementation of intelligent strategies and leadership. Key Success Factors: The main key factors for Kelloggs Success are it perceived to have a healthy image when compared to other daily breakfasts and snacks like chocolates and crisps. They made the products convenient enough so that they can be carried anywhere easily. They offer a range of cereal bars which are quite useful for people on the morning rush. Few Kelloggs products are really versatile as moms can give them as a snack between breakfast and lunch to their kids. Sodium content in the food is a major issue that the company has to deal with. Kelloggs are trying to develop products with less salt content and including more amount of fruits in the bars and cereals for people with health concerns. They have created a high level of brand awareness in the people which allowed them to win the customer loyalty. They have designed various products since a century for all age groups from childrens to adults. Innovation has influenced Kelloggs market to a greater extent. Introducing new products according to the changing markets and tastes of people from time to time has made Kelloggs to win the customers. They offered the products at a lower price which made an average household to afford, hence retaining the customers at large. Kelloggs market its products itself. It do not manufacture cereals for any other company who sells them under their own brand. All these factors added for the company to run successfully and become the world market leaders in the highly competitive market. Strategy: Kelloggs aim was to be the food company of choice and also make customers understand the importance of a balanced lifestyle which can be achieved by their products. The mission is to drive sustainable growth through the power of the people and brands by better serving the needs of customers, consumers and communities. Based on their vision and mission they crafted their strategy to achieve aims and objectives with the power of position and brand image. Kelloggs targeted various groups of people and deigned the products accordingly to attract their mind sets. Balanced Lifestyle is the broad strategic objective of the company. It implemented these strategies by some tactical plans like supporting the physical activity among all age groups and to sponsor these activities with the use of companies resources, the communication of the balance diet to consumers using the cereal packs, and also introduction of food labelling which would allow consumers to understand the balanced diet content of their products. Kelloggs has introduced the recommended Guideline Daily Amounts (GDA) to their packaging labels. This allowed the customer to have a knowledge of the amount of nutrients in take in a serving of Kelloggs food. Their strategy is to attract customers by encouraging them to take part in the swimming programs organised by the company in relationship with the Amateur Swimming association (ASA). Kelloggs has sponsored almost 1.8 million awards every year to the swimmers. This idea of teaming up with ASA has helped the company to reinforce its brand image. It also has started many community programs and breakfast clubs to create awareness of their products in people. By all these activities it shows that the company is trying to create a good CSR image in the industry. Kelloggs believed that if consumers are given proper information about their products, they can retain them. So, they chose various methods to communicate their objectives to the world such as using cartoo n characters, and also through effective advertising. It also distributed nutrition magazines for the employees to make them better understand about the objectives. Solution: In a major business study about Kelloggs, it is seen that their consumers buying behaviour is mostly dependant on the companys focus towards customers and how well they treat them rather than manufacturing, pricing or merchandising of the products. Consumers tend to purchase the products which are more healthy. Hence they want to know all the available information about the products they want to buy or consume. The products information, beliefs, intentions and attitudes of the customers influence the decision process. So Kelloggs has to perform a market research on whether the consumers buy their products based on the label information or not. The visual inspection of the product or the experience of purchasing the product play a major role in the decision making of the consumer. Advertising and promotion of the product might as well have a greater impact on the buying pattern. It is difficult enough to understand the consumer behaviour within the borders of a single country. Underst anding and serving the needs of consumers from different countries can be daunting. The values, behaviours and attitudes of the consumers vary greatly across the world. Kelloggs must design the marketing programs and products according to the peoples needs. For example, in the United Kingdom where most people eat cereal regularly for their breakfast, Kelloggs should try persuading consumers to buy their brand rather than a competitors brand. In France, however where most people prefer croissants and coffee or no breakfast at all, it should advertise to convince people to eat cereal for breakfast and in India, where many consumers eat heavy fried breakfasts and skip meal all together, the company should make attempts to convince the buyers to shift to a lighter, more nutritious breakfast diet. To cover up the damage caused due to the labelling issue by FSA, Kelloggs Should determine the customers needs and convert them into requirements. In order to fulfil them, it should fully understand the current and future needs of the customers, identify the customers, determine their key product characteristics, identify and assess market competition, identify opportunities and weakness, define financial and future competitive advantages, ensure that it has sufficient knowledge about the regulatory requirements, identify the benefits to be achieved from exceeding compliance and also identify their role in the protection of community interests. Kelloggs can start launching some new products aimed at the health conscious consumers. They can start selling them for a lowest price in the market and satisfy them with a good value products for every penny they spend. They can concentrate more on three groups of people like individuals, families and supermarkets who wanted to have a healthy diet. They can focus more on health conscious people from age group from 25-50 by promising them healthy diet with their products. By the introduction of these products in the market they can show the customers that Kelloggs is being paid attention to what they want and how important their health is to the company. They can start collecting information from consumers and people by conducting surveys about what kind of products they are actually looking for and based on that they can prepare them and position them to win the competitive advantage. So the only mantra to attract the customers again and to cover up the loss created by FSA is obsessive customer attention. Even though making health conscious customers happy might affect the short term profits, yet it helps to acquire a loyal customer base which pays off in the future. Making these products available at all consumer stores and super markets at a lower retail price might assist in building up the brand image yet again. Adv ertisements play a crucial role in winning the brand image and loyalty of the customers. If the company tries to create an awareness about the product and the low price buying strategy, it would encourage the consumers to buy them that results in the greater sales of the product. Potential advantages by focusing on customers: Awareness of changing dynamics of the consumer market will definitely help Kelloggs to gain a competitive edge in the cereal industry. The increasing trend of health consciousness and the changing tastes can be known time to time by extensive market research. The feed back from consumers and the surveys conducted will allow the company to learn about their drawbacks and work up on them. It enables the business to minimize price sensitivity, improve profitability, differentiate itself from the competition, improve its image in the eyes of customer, achieve a maximum number of advocates for the company, increases customer satisfaction and retention, enhance its reputation, improve staff morale, ensure products and services are delivered right first time, increase employee satisfaction and retention, encourage employee participation, increase productivity and reduce costs, create a reputation for being caring customer-oriented company, foster internal customer / supply relationships and also bring about continuous improvements to the operation of the company. Barriers to overcome: For Kelloggs to win back its brand and image customer loyalty and becoming customer focused organisation there are some barriers to overcome Internal Focus: Rather than focusing on improving the output measures like revenue, cost and returns, the firm should pay attention to input measures like staff satisfaction and customer experience. Command and Control Culture: A command and control culture in the organisation creates internal conflicts, poor communication and mistrust. This constrains the freedom of building customer relationships and also the exchange of knowledge for better growth of the company. Short Term Approach: The company should not tend to fall back to the product-thinking strategy, instead it should hold on to the customer focus strategy and treat it as a long term initiative which might help acquire customer loyalty and retention to the firm. Inadequate Customer Data: With small volumes of customer data it is difficult to analyse customers behaviour and manage relationships. So, they should always make sure that adequate amount of data is available on the customers to understand the buying behaviour patterns. Understanding the customers: Though the company has gathered enough information, it is sometimes difficult to harness it. So it should try understanding the attitudes and beliefs of the customer. Conclusion: Labelling on food products plays a major role in the decision making process of a consumer. The buying behaviour of consumers is richly embroidered by the labels available on the product. In the Kelloggs case labelling issues created a damage to the company. The best way for Kelloggs to recover from this situation is to use the launch of the new products as a strategic technique to win back the customers it has lost. The glue that hold the organisation together is strong customer focus. It acts as a fuel for an improving the brand image of the company. Every employee should be committed and dedicated towards their work in order to build a customer focused organisation. If Business neglects to create a true customer focus, they need to face huge unnecessary costs for poor service raised due to the active promotion of the customers who are dissatisfied. This might result in investing extensively in marketing and advertising by the company to gain back the customers attention. The life blood of the organisation are the customers who allows the firm to realise their main goals and objectives to survive in the market and also to make a profit. Their behaviour helps the products to attain a recognition and allow them to last for longer periods. Consumer behaviours keep changing from time to time and the best thing the company could do is to develop strategic ways that make the consumers buy the products may it be old or new. So, customer focused strategy is the only thing which keeps the companies alive and growing in this highly changing competitive market.